CBG (kannabigerool) on mittepsühhoaktiivne kannabinoid, millel on ulatuslik toime närvisüsteemile ja põletikule. Loomkatsetes on CBG näidanud järgmisi toimeid:

• α2-adrenergiliste retseptorite agonist ja 5-HT1A serotoniiniretseptorite antagonist
• Mõjub nõrgalt CB1 ja CB2 retseptoritele, toimides pigem modulaatorina
• Võib inhibeerida ensüüme nagu FAAH, mis suurendab loodusliku endokannabinoidi anandamiidi taset
  (Allikad: Wikipedia, CBDA Health, Earth Buddy Pets)

2. Valuleevendav ja põletikuvastane toime

Mitmed uuringud on näidanud, et CBG-l on märkimisväärne analgeetiline (valuleevendav) toime:

• Hiirte kuumaplaadi katses aitas suukaudselt manustatud CBG-ekstrakt (50 mg/kg) vähendada valureaktsioone
• Aitas leevendada närvivalust ja ägedat põletikku, mõjutades TNF-α ja Nav1.7 valke, mis osalevad valusignaalide edastamises
  (Allikas: MDPI – Pharmaceuticals, 2023)

3. Neuroprotektsioon

CBG on näidanud neurokaitsvat mõju laborihiirtel, kellel oli keemiliselt indutseeritud ajukahjustus (3NP mudel):

• Täheldati motoorika paranemist ja neuronite säilimist striaatumi piirkonnas
  (Allikas: PMC – Front Neurosci, 2015)

4. Toime koduloomadel (koerad ja kassid)

Praktilised kasutusjuhud ja tootjatelt pärinevad andmed näitavad, et CBG võib aidata:

• liigesevalude ja põletiku vähendamisel
• ärevuse ja stressi maandamisel
• meeleolu ja keskendumisvõime parandamisel
• seedimise ja immuunsüsteemi toetamisel
  (Allikas: EarthBuddyPet)

5. Ohutus ja taluvus

• Uuringud näitavad, et CBG on hea taluvusega, ei tekita joovet ega tõsiseid kõrvaltoimeid
• Ühes uuringus andsid teadlased koertele 5 mg/kg CBG, ilma et oleks ilmnenud toksilisust või käitumishäireid
  (Allikad: PMC 2024, LiebertPub 2023)

Kokkuvõtlik tabel

Conclusion

CBG on paljutõotav kannabinoid, millel on potentsiaal pakkuda loomadele valuvaigistavat, põletikuvastast ja neurokaitsvat tuge. Selle ohutusprofiil on seni olnud soodne, kuid nagu iga täiendus, peaks seda kasutama veterinaararsti soovitusel ja järelevalve all.

Parkinsoni tõbi on krooniline neurodegeneratiivne haigus, mis mõjutab motoorikat, meeleolu ja kognitiivseid funktsioone. Kuigi täielikku ravi pole veel leitud, on üha enam tähelepanu pälvinud kanepiravi võimalused, eriti sümptomite leevendamisel.

1. Mida näitavad tänased teadusuuringud?

• Süsteemne ülevaade, mis hõlmas 5 kontrollitud ja 18 vaatlevat uuringut, leidis, et kanepi kasutamist Parkinsoni raviks ei saa veel täielikult soovitada, kuid täheldati potentsiaalseid eeliseid: vähenenud ärevus, parem uni, vähenenud valu ja paranenud üldine elukvaliteet.
  Allikas: PubMed – 2022
• Mitmed patsiendijuhud on näidanud leevendust sellistes sümptomites nagu värinad, jäikus, unetus ja ärevus. Mõned patsiendid kogesid ka paremat keskendumist ja emotsionaalset tasakaalu.
  Allikas:PCLA.org
  2025. aasta juhtumiuuringus kasutati väikestes doosides THC ja CBD ekstrakti ning märgati une kvaliteedi olulist paranemist 60 päeva jooksul. Mõnedel patsientidel täheldati ka kognitiivset paranemist.
        Allikas: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

2. Kliinilised leiud ja uuringud

• 2023. aasta uuringus, kus osales 69 Parkinsoni patsienti, märkis 87% patsientidest sümptomite leevenemist vähemalt ühes aspektis. Lisaks suutis 56% neist vähendada või lõpetada opioidide tarbimist.
        Allikas: Psychopharmacology Institute
• Austria kliinilises uuringus testiti nabilooni – sünteetiline kannabinoid, mis mõjub sarnaselt THC-le – 47 Parkinsoni patsiendil. Tulemused näitasid paremat und ja vähem ärevust.
  Allikas: Parkinson’s UK

3. Ohutus ja piirangud

• Praegused uuringud on paljutõotavad, kuid piiratud väikeste valimite ja vähese standardiseerimise tõttu. On vaja ulatuslikke, randomiseeritud kliinilisi katseid.
  Allikad: Parkinson.org
• Võimalikud kõrvaltoimed: kognitiivne udu, peapööritus, nägemishäired. Eriti ettevaatlik tuleb olla kognitiivse langusega patsientide puhul.
• Pikaajaline kasutamine ei ole seostatud depressiooni ega kognitiivsete funktsioonide halvenemisega, kuid see nõuab veel kinnitamist.
  Allikas: ScienceDirect

4. Tulevikuvaade

• Arenduses on ka uued molekulid, mis võivad mõjutada Parkinsoni kulgu ilma THC kõrvaltoimeteta. Näiteks uuritakse praegu KLS-13019 molekuli, mille arendust toetab Michael J. Fox Foundation.
  Allikas: Wikipedia – Kannalife

Conclusion

Conclusion

Meditsiiniline kanep pakub Parkinsoni tõve sümptomite leevendamisel tõotavat suunda, eriti unehäirete, ärevuse ja valu puhul. Kuigi see ei ole imeravim, võib see olla tõhus toetav teraapia – eriti juhul, kui see toimub arstliku järelvalve ja teadusliku lähenemise raames.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s ability to concentrate, control impulses, and regulate behavior. This condition often occurs in children but can persist into adulthood.

The main symptoms of ADHD are:

• Inattention – difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, problems with organization.
• Hyperactivity – restlessness, constant need to move.
• Impulsivity – sudden reactions, impatience, impulsive behavior.

Can cannabinoids like CBD and CBG help with ADHD?

In recent years, cannabinoids—especially CBD (cannabidiol) and CBG (cannabigerol)—have gained significant attention for their potential in alleviating ADHD symptoms. Although research in this area is still limited, some individuals have found these natural substances helpful.

How do CBD and CBG affect ADHD?

CBD and CBG interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which regulates mood, stress, focus, and sleep. Their potential effects on ADHD include:

1. Reducing anxiety and stress
   • CBD is known for its calming and anxiety-reducing properties, which can help with impulsivity and restlessness.
   • CBG may also assist in mood stabilization.
2. Improving focus and attention
   • Some studies and user experiences suggest that CBD may reduce "brain fog" and enhance the ability to concentrate.
   • CBG has neuroprotective effects and may support brain function.
3. Improving sleep quality
   • People with ADHD often experience sleep issues. CBD has shown potential to improve sleep quality and help with falling asleep faster.
4. Reducing impulsivity
   • Since CBD has a calming effect, it may help individuals better control their behavior and reduce sudden reactions.

CBD vs. CBG for ADHD

• CBD is better known and more widely used, particularly for its calming effects.
• CBG is less researched but may have a stronger impact on focus and cognitive support.

What does science say?

Although preliminary studies and anecdotal reports suggest potential benefits of cannabinoids, CBD and CBG have not yet been approved as official treatments for ADHD. They are also not substitutes for established ADHD medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) or lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse).

How to use CBD or CBG for ADHD?

If you’re considering their use, it is recommended to:

• Start with a low dose and monitor your body’s response.
• Use only high-quality, lab-tested products.
• Consult a doctor, especially if you are taking ADHD medication, to avoid potential interactions.
• CBD and CBG can be consumed in various forms, such as oils, capsules, and crystals. Crystals offer faster effects, as they are quickly absorbed by the body.

Conclusion

While CBD and CBG may help alleviate some ADHD symptoms, they are not medications and do not replace proven medical treatments. If you decide to try them, do so cautiously and under professional guidance. Future research may provide more clarity on their real effectiveness in treating ADHD.

CBG MECHANISM
In addition to its key role in cannabinoid biosynthesis, CBG has been scientifically explored for its potential benefits. The molecule exerts multiple mechanisms of action, partially activating the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system and stimulating the vanilloid-1 receptor. So let's explore what science has to say about CBG. How do these mechanisms affect the body? And what is the quality of the existing data?
CBD AND CBG: SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCES
CBD and CBG have similarities and differences, but attempting to compare them at this stage is rather pointless. Much more high-quality research has been poured into CBD. There may be similarities and differences that we are simply not aware of yet, but let's take a look at what we do know.
BOTH CBD AND CBG HAVE NO INEBRIANT EFFECTS
CBD and CBG have a low binding affinity for the CB1 receptor, while THC achieves its psychotropic effects by stimulating this site in the central nervous system. CBG acts as a partial agonist of this receptor, stimulating it to a level that does not trigger psychotropic effects. However, both CBD and CBG also act as CB1 receptor antagonists, temporarily inhibiting the uptake of the endocannabinoid anandamide.
The non-psychotropic nature of CBG and CBD makes them attractive candidates for clinical study, as many view the psychotropic action of THC as an undesirable effect.
CBG CAN IMPROVE APPETITE
Cannabis is known to increase appetite. This mechanism, also defined as "munchies", induces a state of intense hunger and desire for food. THC has long been associated with this phenomenon, but a 2016 study published in the journal Psychopharmacology states that THC-free cannabis extracts remain capable of inducing hunger. The authors explain that CBG could be the cause of the improved appetite. In rats, CBG more than doubled total food intake and increased the number of meals. Conversely, CBD was shown to reduce hunger during one study.
A USELESS COMPARISON? It is useful to compare cannabinoids to explore the possible applications of each, but the research is still too limited to draw concrete conclusions. High-quality future research will be the only way to accurately compare the properties of these fascinating molecules.
Potential Benefits of CBG:
Like CBD, CBG has been used to combat pain without having the intoxicating effect of cannabinoids like THC.
Research shows that CBG can also have therapeutic effects.
However, human studies on this are sparse and more research needs to be done in this area. Some promising animal studies show that CBG might ultimately be found useful for the following therapeutic benefits listed below.
–Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition that causes chronic inflammation in the bowel. It affects millions of people across the globe and is incurable.
An experimental animal study conducted in 2013 observed the beneficial effects of CBG on inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers induced inflammations similar to IBD in the colons of mice and then administered CBG. CBG was found to reduce the inflammation and the production of nitric oxide. It also reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestines. They concluded that CBG should be considered for clinical experimentation in IBD patients.

–Glaucoma
In an animal study, researchers found that CBG has therapeutic potential for the treatment of glaucoma.
Reseachers administered CBG to cats with glaucoma and noticed a reduction in eye pressure and an increase in aqueous humor outflow, a fluid produced by the eye which maintains eye pressure and provides the eye with nutrition.

–Antibacterial Properties
A 2020 study on the antibiotic potential of cannabis, found that CBG has antibacterial properties. Especially against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a bacteria which causes staph infections and is drug-resistant.

–Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease is a condition that causes a breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. In a 2015 study, researchers examined the potential neuroprotective properties of CBG and other cannabinoids in mice who had an experimental model of Huntington’s disease. It was observed that CBG acted as a neuroprotectant, protecting the nerve cells in your brain from damage. It also improves motor deficits and preserves striatal neurons against 3-nitropropionic acid toxicity.
–Fighting Cancer Cells
2014. aasta uuringus jälgisid teadlased CBG mõju käärsoolevähiga rottidele. Nad täheldasid, et CBG näitas mõningast  vähirakkude kasvu põhjustavate retseptorite blokeerimist ja kolorektaalsete vähirakkude kasvu pärssimist.Teadlased soovitasid, et käärsoolevähi ravimisel ja ennetamisel tuleks CBG kasutamist kaaluda translatiivselt.
HIGH CBG STRAINS
The cannabis community hasn't paid much attention to CBG and we can't even criticize it as the research is still superficial and incomplete. Breeders will likely focus on this cannabinoid as further studies confirm its properties. Genetic selection for high levels of CBG is likely, but some strains already have relatively high levels of this cannabinoid today.
FORCE DUTCH PASSION is an high CBG variety. The dense flowers of this indica-dominant specimen produce <0,2% THC, 0.2% CBD and 21% CBG. The effect is deeply relaxing.

Studies are still ongoing:
The Canadian study focuses on so-called cytokine storms, which are one of the symptoms of Covid-19 and cause inflammation, swelling, pain. Loss of organ function can lead to the death of cells in the body by the immune system. One of the researchers surveyed by Espresso said they used active ingredients extracted from home-grown cannabis plants to carry out laboratory tests. There are about 400 different varieties of cannabinoids and terpenoids with different levels. The results recorded the possible effects of the virus so that they had less chance of infecting us. In addition, some specific strains of cannabis would be good anti-inflammatory and cytokine storm inhibitors. In short, this is great news worth exploring. The fact that other scientists are using cannabis as an ally in the fight against the coronavirus 10 thousand kilometers away suggests that this is not so wrong. In fact, even in Israel, there is more than one study that suggests that CBD and the combination of terpenes may be truly effective in treating some of the effects of the virus on the human body, and in particular cytokine storms. Despite the prejudices of traditional suspects, research on this subject is still evolving, even in Italy.

Francesco Della Valle, president of Epitech Group, a biological pharmacology company founded in 2001 with offices in Saccolongo (Padua) and Pozzuoli, told Espresso how their adventure began: "The cell he is talking about is highly micronized and performs a wide variety of biological functions related to chronic and neuralgic pain, including inflammatory processes. It is also a substance produced by our body's endocannabinoid system, similar to the substance in cannabis. (endocannabinoids). In this case, it would be good to specify that this cell does not cure coronavirus, but it can be a significant helper that stimulates the immune system to prepare and protect itself.
has a future. on tulevikku.
Reading these complex studies, we feel that we need to continue to do research because there is potential for cannabis. Many of them are still unexplored. The virus found us unprepared, but now that we know it better and are waiting for the vaccine (free and universal), it would be right to use all the tools we have already tested to limit its power, such as CBD. Another thing that must not be underestimated is the need to give a privileged way to a safe endopharmaceutical based on a natural substance that we produce ourselves. What would be the best?

What is CBD?
CBD is one of over 100 compounds known as cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. It is the second largest cannabinoid after tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), accounting for up to 40% of the plant extract. Unlike THC, CBD has no psychoactive effects, which means that it does not create a cloudy state in us. No matter how CBD affects your body, it works differently. It is believed to stimulate certain receptors that help reduce inflammation in the body and reduce pain and anxiety. Stops the breakdown of anandamide in the brain (a chemical often referred to as the "bliss molecule"). This allows the anandamide to stay in your body longer, helping to relieve pain and strengthen the brain. CBD also regulates the production of inflammatory molecules called cytokines, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. CBD can also help treat depression symptoms. Because human studies are currently limited, the full health effects of CBD remain unknown.

Can CBD help weight Loss? CBD's job is to improve various aspects of health, including weight loss. Here are some of the possible effects.

May speed up metabolism and reduce food intake..
Preliminary research suggests that CBD can lower food intake and boost metabolism, which can promote weight loss. For example, animal studies show that CBD affects body weight by interacting with the CB1 and CB2 receptors in lymphoid tissue and the brain. These receptors are thought to play an important role in metabolism and food intake. In a two-week study, rats were injected daily with CBD at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg per kg of body weight. Weight loss was achieved with both doses, but was significantly higher with the higher dose. It is important to note that CBD was administered by injection and not orally. In another rat study, CBD caused a significant reduction in food intake compared to other cannabinoids, including cannabigerol and cannabinol. While these results are promising, there are not enough human studies to support this and more research is needed.

May help darken fat.
There are two types of fat in your body - white and brown. White fat is the primary form responsible for storing and supplying energy, insulating, and lining your organs. It is also the type of fat most commonly associated with chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease when it accumulates excessively. Brown fat is responsible for generating heat by burning calories. Normal weight people usually have more brown fat than overweight people. White fat can be turned brown by exercising, getting enough sleep, and tempering. Interestingly, research shows that CBD can help with this process. A test tube study found CBD promoted "darkening" of white fat. It enhances the expression of certain genes and proteins that make brown fat.
In any case, human studies are needed to confirm this effect.

Marijuana use is associated with lower body weight.
Although marijuana use is usually associated with increased food intake, those who use marijuana products weigh less than those who do not. For example, a survey of over 50,000 people found that those who used cannabis at least 3 days a week had an overweight rate of 14-17%. Compared to those who have not used marijuana in the past 12 months, this percentage is 22-25%. Since CBD is also found in marijuana, it has been linked to this. However, researchers believe that cannabinoids in general, including CBD, affect appetite, metabolism, and other body functions related to weight.

Can CBD Promote Weight Gain?
Хотя CBD может положительно влиять на аппетит и потерю веса, он также может вызывать увеличение веса. Некоторые исследования показали, что CBD увеличивает аппетит. Фактически, одним из наиболее распространенных побочных эффектов лечения CBD является изменение аппетита. В одном исследовании исследователи опросили родителей 117 лечившихся детей, которые использовали CBD для лечения эпилепсии. Хотя родители сообщили об уменьшении симптомов эпилепсии, 30% из них заявили, что масло CBD значительно повысило аппетит их детей. Исследования показывают, что CBD может влиять на аппетит по-разному. В одном трехмесячном исследовании участвовали 23 ребенка с синдромом Драве, типом эпилепсии, с дозой до 11,4 мг CBD на килограмм массы тела (25 мг / кг). У одних детей появился аппетит, у других - снизился. Кроме того, недавний обзор 2409 человек, употребляющих CBD, показал, что 6,35% из них испытали усиление чувства голода в качестве побочного эффекта. Необходимы дополнительные исследования, чтобы понять полное влияние CBD на аппетит, поскольку, похоже, оно варьируется. Многие факторы, такие как генетика и используемый продукт, могут повлиять на чувство голода при приеме CBD.

Should you try CBD oil to lose weight? Weight loss?

Although it's unclear, is CBD oil effective for weight loss, it has been shown to improve health in other good ways. It is relatively safe and has a low risk of side effects. More research is needed to determine, especially in humans, how this affects weight. The existing results are still relatively weak and inconsistent. Therefore, CBD oil is not recommended as an effective weight loss method. Better to try other weight loss tips instead - especially since CDB products can be expensive.

In conclusion..
CBD oil is an increasingly popular cannabis product, often touted as an effective weight loss aid. However, current research shows no clear effect on weight. While some research suggests CBD can boost metabolism by decreasing body fat and appetite, other studies show an increase in appetite. Until more research is completed, it is best to rely on other weight loss methods, such as diet and lifestyle changes.

Is CBD Legal?
Cannabis-derived CBD products (with less than 0.2% THC) are legal at the European level, but still illegal under some national laws, such as in Slovakia.

• anxiety and depression
• sleep quality improves
• reduces seizures in patients with epilepsy
• relieves pain and inflammation
• strengthens heart health
• relieves the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease
• tumors
• Alzheimer's disease
• Parkinson's disease
• and many more …

Regardless of the conditions you are trying to treat with CBD, the right dose is important, otherwise the desired result may not be achieved.

What the CBD study says:
The CBD, i.e., has had many discussions and studies in recent years.
2017. aasta ülevaade näitas, et see on suhteliselt ohutu ravi. Ülevaates analüüsitud uuringud ei ole näidanud, et on olemas universaalne annus CBD-d, mida kõik peaksid võtma. Selle asemel rõhutati  tõsiasja, et erinevad inimesed (ja loomkatsetes erinevad loomad) reageerivad CBD erinevatele annustele erinevalt. Enamikus inimestega seotud uuringutes võib kasutada annust 20 kuni 1500 milligrammi (mg) päevas.
It is worth noting that there are still many things we do not know about the CBD. With the growth of the cannabis industry, researchers are likely to conduct further research on cannabis, including marijuana, cannabis and its derivatives.
Find the right dose for you!
The dose of CBD consumed depends on many factors:

• your weight
• your given situation, what you consume,
• cbd kanepi suitsetamine või cbd õli kasutamine,
• your personal body chemistry,
• CBD concentration in each tablet, capsule or drop.
  
  In other words, many variables decide how much CBD to take. Before trying CBD, be sure to talk to your doctor about the correct dose and possible risks. If your doctor tells you exactly how much to take per day, follow this advice. If your doctor has not recommended it, it is better to start with a lower dose and increase it gradually. It is initially about 20-40 mg per day. After one week, increase this amount by 5 mg. Keep doing this until you feel that you are treating your symptoms effectively.

For example, start with a 40 mg dose if the pain is severe and needs to be treated. Increase the dose to 45 mg after one week and to 50 mg after the second week. Zoom in until you feel a positive change. At this point, you may feel that your pain becomes tolerable.
It would be wise to monitor the amount of CBD taken and whether your symptoms are improving. Write it down for yourself to check it out if necessary.

In conclusion:
Start with low-dose CBD and increase slowly until the desired effect is achieved. The ideal dose of CBD depends on many factors, such as body weight, body chemistry, the conditions being treated, and the concentration of CBD in the particular product.
Võib olla raske, ära arvata, kui palju CBD-d peaksite võtma, kuna CBD-d ei reguleeri praegu Riiklik Farmaatsia- ja Toiduainete Tervise Instituut  ja puuduvad ametlikud soovitatavad annused.

Here you can find out the amount of CBD you need to take!
How to calculate the dose?
Some products, such as CBD chews, capsules or tablets, indicate how many mg are in one product. For example, the CBD capsule package states that it contains 50 mg of CBD per capsule.
If you use is CBD oil effective, it's probably in a bottle with a pipette. The amount of CBD per drop can be determined on the package. Here's how many drops you need.
The amount of CBD per drop is sometimes more difficult to calculate because the total amount of CBD in a full bottle (mg) is indicated on the package but not as a drop.
Tilk on umbes 0,05 milliliitrit (ml). See tähendab, et mitte terve pipeti täis vaid üks tilk.
This means that the 10 ml bottle contains 200 drops of CBD oil. And if the 10 ml bottle package states that the bottle contains 1200 mg of CBD, each drop contains about 6 mg of CBD.
So, to take 20 mg of active substance, you need to take four drops.
Is it possible to take too much CBD?
Studies on the safety and side effects of CBD in 2011 found that continued use of CBD, even at high doses, such as 1500 mg per day, is well tolerated in humans.
The 2017 review update also confirmed this. 
However, a 2019 study in mice raised some safety concerns about the potential for liver damage in CBD and its interactions with other drugs. (Of course, these problems were only caused by CBD overdose, but it may also be an interaction with another drug.)
If you are currently taking other medicines and want to try CBD, you should definitely discuss this with your doctor!
Very few side effects of CBD are known. The side effects include diarrhea, loss of appetite and tiredness.
If you are looking for a quick and easy way to buy CBD, you can find many CBD brands online. But be sure to check all brands before you buy. Although pure and genuine CBD is considered safe, counterfeit, low-quality products can be dangerous. 
Buy CBDITALY organic CBD products.
Your CBD is not regulated or controlled by the Department of Health, so it is your responsibility to make sure you use only quality products. Look for trusted branded products with third-party testing, and avoid companies that previously had inaccurate labeling. (for example, if the product is written with 1000mg, but it only contains 500mg, unfortunately this has happened).
A 2018 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 52 Utah residents responded poorly to certain CBD-based products. It was found that most of them used products containing synthetic CBD. Some products did not contain information about the manufacturer or its components. That is why it is important to use organic CBD oils like ours and not to use cheap CBD oils completely by accident.

Talk to your doctor
It is best to consult your doctor when developing a general daily dose of CBD. Although doctors may not be aware of this in all countries. But depending on the laws in your country, some doctors may be able to recommend quality dosages and brands. Especially if you are currently taking any medications, talk to your doctor!
Is CBD legal? Cannabis-derived CBD products (with a THC of less than 0.2%) are legal at the federal level, but are still illegal under some state laws (such as Slovakia). CBD oil itself and full spectrum oils are legal.

Because modulation of the endocannabinoid system is important in improving people's quality of life and symptoms in those with pathologies (from glaucoma to epilepsy, chronic pain to Alzheimer's disease), an estimated 1/3 of the Italian population can benefit from cannabinoid-based therapies. We are talking about 20 million people. It is clear that in order to cope with these numbers, there is a need to establish a solid path that allows healthcare professionals to update their knowledge, with increased synergies, the use of trained professionals and cannabinoid-based therapies, while optimizing the supply of medical cannabis in domestic quantities (beyond demand, supply and moderately high costs).

As we know, Italian cannabis was legalized by Italian law about a year ago, allowing any doctor, be it a specialist, a pediatrician or a family doctor, to prescribe cannabinoids and their derivatives for any medical condition for which there is sufficient scientific evidence. Currently, only a few Italian universities of chemical and pharmaceutical technology, pharmacy and agriculture offer lessons on cannabinoids and / or the endocannabinoid system, but no medical faculty has courses, classes or examinations on this subject, leaving specialists without basic resources. Doctors are faced with choices for which they are not sufficiently prepared. Medical cannabis is distributed in galenic pharmacies through the preparation of masterful preparations. It follows that not only doctors but also preparatory pharmacists need different training, regulations and preparation methods. Of the 19,000 Italian pharmacies currently operating, about 600 manufacture cannabinoid-based medicines, leaving many geographical areas uncovered, causing inevitable inconvenience to patients. To address this problem in the 2017/2018 academic year, the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Padua opened a one-year population development course on the medical, botanical and legal aspects of cannabis. The classes are conducted by a large group of doctors and researchers from different sectors, and students end the year with a discussion. As of 2018/2019, some lessons are ECM accredited. 2018/2019. Also available from the academic year are the courses developed by the scientific society Kanepi Teadus - a socially private limited company, prepared by the same researchers involved in UniPD full-time study and offering distance learning (FAD) - integrated and localized scientific dissemination combining e-learning, symposia ( both daily training and webinars) and publications related to different cannabis professional opportunities and needs. Courses at the Cannabis Science Society are sponsored by various Italian universities, such as the National University of Milan, the University of Campania Vanvitelli, the University of Eastern Piedmont and the CNR (National Research Council), as well as associations of doctors (Provincial Order of Macedonia) Milan doctors, surgeons and dentists. Federation) and research (Luca Coscioni Association, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies).

Unlike the specialization course at the University of Padua, the Cannabis Science Society offers courses designed for different professions as well as for the general public, equipped with study texts, final exams, bibliography, supplementary materials and practical galeno video lessons. In the academic year 2020/2021, ECM credit will be awarded for the two courses offered. Combining the results of these two realities, UniPD and the Cannabis Science Society, hundreds of specialists are now trained in the endocannabinoid system and the cannabis plant, giving them the opportunity to prescribe (doctors) and prepare medicines (pharmacists). Of these, 40% are registered nurses, social workers and doctors, and 31% are pharmacists and biologists. In addition, many other professionals benefit from the training, from chemists and pharmacology to extraction and analysis laboratories (around 12% of members), sociologists, psychotherapists and lawyers (17%), herbalists and nutritionists. Together, these two platforms will literally change the level of knowledge of medical professionals in Italy. However, much remains to be done to recognize and integrate endocannabinology specialization. The use of distance learning, as in the Covid-19 distress period, has reassured us that it is vital to ensure that scientific knowledge spreads throughout the territory. It is hoped that more and more academic realities will recognize the value of the knowledge disseminated by these two institutions, integrating their teachings and making it possible to reduce the knowledge gap that still plagues the country.

My story continues to relate to the difficulties, pain and hopes of those who have decided to include cannabis in their treatment plans, despite obstacles to its 'legal' use in Europe. It is hoped that such direct evidence will help clarify the controversial issue. In this new part of 'The Faces of Cannabis', I decided to give voice to the stories of Andrea and Alberico.

Mr. Andrea Trisciuglio 39 years old - FOGGIA (Italy) SCLEROSIS MULTIPLEX The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis reaches Andrea on February 20, 2006. Luca Coscioni dies the same day. On TV, he watches Marco Pannella in tears over his loss. Two bad news at once, emotions overlap, mix. But life goes on "that doesn't kill, makes you stronger," he repeats to himself and becomes aware of that diagnosis and needs to be addressed. Start taking interferon like all patients with multiple sclerosis, chemotherapy, immunodeficiency, and immunomodulatory patients. Andrea is convinced that she will not stop, she does not want to stay in a wheelchair, be drug-filled. She wants to survive. Traditional medicines weaken him, giving him few benefits for a psychophysical condition, and so it remains to look further: are there alternatives to this treatment? Are there any studies or cases that can be observed outside the Italian border? This is how he discovers cannabis as a possible therapy, and if even his doctor tells him to try it, he is convinced. He overcomes initial fears and from that moment on walks again. He becomes an activist and general counselor in the Luca Coscioni Association. Together with Lucia Spiri, she forms a non-profit association LaPiantiamoto inform citizens and protect patients' right to cannabinoid treatment. "Patients don't have time to wait" is a cry I've associated with Andrea's face for years; he was the first person I contacted on my trip, the first “face” to receive me, inform me, and open the way. He is no longer just a picture of this book, it is a friendly face to continue fighting in a battle that has become my war. Today, Andrea continues to take 10 grams of cannabis daily by smoking or steaming it, making cookies or herbal teas. He has a regular doctor's prescription, which allows him to receive the prescribed amount from Foggia Hospital every three months. However, he knows that this is not yet the case for many Italian patients, and he continues to travel throughout Italy to testify that he has received help with cannabis treatment for his illness.

Mr..Alberico Nobile 38 years old - TARANTO (Italy) Tetraplegia. The first thing I remembered about Alberico when I met him in Foggia was the calmness and elegance of his face. Alberico moves in a wheelchair that someone has to help push because he does not have normal arm and arm mobility. However, every time I meet her, I feel like she is dancing in that chair. His gentle smile confirms this. Alberico is 38 years old and suffers from tetraplegia from the age of 15 when he was involved in a serious car accident that caused him a back injury and fractures of the third, fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae. In the years following the accident, and after several hospitals in various Italian cities, using muscle relaxants as well as very strong opioid drugs to relieve spasms, he goes to Heidelberg Clinic in Germany, one of the best in Europe for this type of patient. It is in the park of this clinic that one day, for the first time, he tries to smoke cannabis with other patients. At first he is skeptical and afraid of losing consciousness and at first he does not want to try it, but these guys suffer similar physical injuries to him and they explain that he has been using it instead of Lioresal for a long time (the same medicine he takes, four 25 mg tablets a day... Further deepening his knowledge of the cannabis plant and the therapeutic properties of cannabinoids, Alberico decides to give it a try and, discovering the benefits for his psychophysical state, begins to increase the doses of muscle relaxants and replace them with cannabis, which is sold at a high price on the black market, often from Holland. Stayed in Germany for ten months. Back in Italy, he found it difficult to find cannabis, and just two weeks later he had to resort to Liorezal again. With this medicine, all those side effects that Alberico are well aware of: problems with the kidneys, bladder, stomach and mucous membranes, as well as a constant state of drowsiness, return. Unable to bear it all again, he relies on hemp on the Italian black market. For nineteen years he has been buying cannabis on the street or from friends, or, when he can, he grows himself, until in 2015 he gets free access to cannabis thanks to the regional law of Puglia. Since then, the Taranto hospital pharmacy has been supplying him with cannabis from the usual prescriptions. He takes 5 grams a day by steaming or smoking the plant and this mainly helps him to reduce spasticity and pain, which helps him in posture and therefore affects his quality of life. “The secret is not to chase butterflies, but to take care of your garden, so that they come to you themselves,” is one of my favorite phrases (Mario Quintana); One day while looking through Alberico's Instagram photos, I read this phrase and my face fills with a smile. Alberico is living proof of this aphorism, proof that by healing ourselves, we can learn to feel better, with ourselves and with others. Despite the fact that life has put him through hard trials, he does not give up and continues to live an exciting life with the people who love him. Written by Maria Novella De Luca on 4 Maggio 2020 at Beleafmagazine

Kirjutanud Maria Novella De Luca 4. märtsil 2020 Beleafmagazine’is.